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B. A. (GENERAL) (BAG)
Term-End Examination June, 2025
BEGC-131 : INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
Note : Answer all questions in this questions paper.
1. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :
The Himalayas are the source of three major
Indian rivers namely the Indus, the Ganga and
the Brahmaputra. Flowing for about 2,525
kilometres (km), the Ganga is the longest river
in India. The Ganga basin constitutes 26 per
cent of the country‟s land mass and supports
per cent of India‟s population.
from the Himalayas all the way to the Bay of
Bengal, through some of Asia‟s most denselypopulated regions. Its river basin is more than
1 million sq. km, and home to over 650 million
people. The Ganga has the most populated river
basin in the world.
The Ganga river faces a lot of serious
challenges, mainly because of the fast growth of
cities, agriculture and industries in recent
decades. Too much water is being removed for
farming and other uses, barrages and dams
disrupt the Ganga‟s natural flow, and pollution
from homes and industries have badly
contaminated what‟s left of this once mighty,
free-flowing river. Hundreds of millions of
people and a huge range of wildlife rely on the
river Ganga. But pollution, dams and removal
of too much water (mostly for agriculture) have
affected the flow and health of this vital river.
One of the river‟s most at-risk animals is the
Ganga river Dolphin. There used to be tens of
thousands of them, but now only around
1,200-1,800 are left in the river. Biggest threats
to them include fishing (they‟re targetted for
their oily blubber), as well as toxic pollution,
dams and barrages in the river.
Environmental activists are now working to
encourage more sustainable water use and
helping build community awareness and action
to protect the river Ganga. River wildlife—
including dolphins, gharials and turtles—
urgently need clean and free-flowing water as
well as safe protected areas away from threats
on the Ganga, and environmentalists are
researching the best options to help them
thrive.
Environmentalists are working with the
Government of India as much as possible for
sustainable impacts, supporting policy
implementation and development, and to find
new ways of sustainable water management;
species monitoring and protection, and climate
change adaptation. The government of India
has set up an empowered body as part of the
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)
under the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti. The
NMCG has stated its vision in terms of four
restoration pillars, namely Aviral Dhara
(continuous flow), Nirmal Dhara (unpolluted
flow), Geologic Entity (protection of geological
features) and Ecological Entity (protection of
aquatic biodiversity). It is clear that the Ganga
cannot be restored by only pollution-abatement
measures. Many of the strtegies need to
seriously integrate long-term ecological and
sustainability goals, and cannot simply be a
short-term move
(i) The river Ganga is worshipped as a sacred river in India. It is also extremely important for the Indian economy. Why ?
(ii) What are the serious challenges faced by the Ganga in recent decades ?
(iii) What are the factors that have affected the flow of this great river ?
(iv) Which animal is mentioned as being one of Ganga rivers most at-risk animals ?
(v) What are the greatest threats faced by this animal ?
(vi) What actions are being taken up by environmental activists to protect the river Ganga ?
(vii) What are the four „restoration pillars‟ envisaged the National Mission for Clean Ganga ? 2
(viii) Give a suitable title to this passage
(B) Use the following words/phrases in sentences of your own :
(i) disrupt
(ii) contaminate
(iii) implementation
(iv) restoration
(v) integrate
2. Match the words in Section A with their meaning in Section B :
(a) Demographic (i) Introduce new ideas
(b) Chronic (ii) Bright and impressive
(c) Resplendent (iii) Referring to sound
(d) Acoustic (iv) Most important
(e) Frail (v) A pleasure trip on a ship
(f) Proliferate (vi) Lasting a long time
(g) Recurrence (vii) Increase rapidly in number
(h) Leading (viii) Pertaining to the study of population
(i) Cruise (ix) Happening again
(j) Innovate (x) Weak and delicate
3. (A) Fill in the blanks/Rewrite as directed :
(i) A new medical discovery has been………………. in this week‟s „Science‟ Journal. (Use the correct form of report)
(ii) It is important to preserve the valuable cultural traditions……………… down to us by our ancestors. (Correct form of „hand‟)
(iii) ……………. he come to the University by the metro train (Use „do‟ or „does‟)
(iv) The teacher ……………. advised me to read that book. (Use „have‟ or „has‟)
(v) The date in my new watch ……………..automatically if I cross the International Data Line. (Use correct form of „change‟)
(vi) Everyone …………… to be involved in finding ways to protect India‟s natural resources. (Use „have‟ or „has‟)
(vii) You will …………… your money if you do not keep it in your purse. (Use „lose‟ or „loose‟)
(viii) Yesterday me …………… the bus from Chennai to Bangalore. (Correct form of „take‟)
(ix) If I …………… this job offer down, I would have regretted it all my life. (Correct form of the verb „turn
(x) If we …………… early, we would have reached by now. (Correct form of the verb „leave‟)
(xi) The teacher will understand. You must explain the situation to him. (Rewrite as one conditional sentence)
(xii) Hymns are sung every evening, by the monks in the monastery. (Change into active voice)
(xiii) The greatest artist of the nineteenth century had painted this portrait. (Change into passive voice)
(xiv) ……………… Rhine is the longest river in Germany. (Use the correct article)
(xv) You should take …………… umbrella with you, as it might start raining. (Use the correct article
4. Your friend and you are planning to go on a short trip to Kashmir during the vacation. Write out a dialogue in about 200 words where you discuss travel plans, arrangement of accommodation and other details with him/her
5. Write a letter to a friend in a neighbouring state inviting him/her to visit a historical monument near your town/village. Your letter should highlight the historical significance of the monument
6. You have been invited to deliver a speech to a local youth group on the occasion of Earth Day. Write out a speech in about 250 words on the topic : ‘‘The Importance of Water Conservation
Write an essay in about 250 words on any one of the following topics : 15
(a) Coping with Air Pollution in Indian Cities
(b) Classical Dance Forms of India
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